Typewriting machine and the elements thereof



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MUTS A. NEMCOVS KY, OF NEW YORK, N. "11?.

- rvrcuwnra'rne Manama AND 'rnn nraaiania'rs manner.

Application filed September 21, 1922, Serial to. 589,571. Renewed tuneas, meat.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, Louis NEMoovsKv,

acitizen of the United States, and resident of New York City, in thecounty of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Typewriting Machines .and the Elements Thereof,of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to t pewriting machines and in its morespeci c application to machines of .the type designated as portable.lPOIlZflblG typewrit-ing machines equipped with keyboards departing fromstandard, are difficult to operate by typists ordinarily trained tooperate on standard key boards, while portable typewriters designed tobe collapsed for enclosing into the box and set up for use may belacking in the durability of non-collapsible type: Writers and are morelikely to become out of order.

lit is an object of my invention to provide a portable typewriter havinga standard key board of usual dimensions, which typewriter shall belight in weight, non-collapsible and correspondingly durable in 0011struction and of small exterior dimensions, so that it can be enclosedin normal opera.- tive' condition within a small case.

According to a "feature of the invention,

the parts of the typewriting machine are assembled in aparticularlycompact relation to confine .the outside dimensions of themachine within minimum proportions. In the preferred embodiment theuniversal bar is actuated by the type bars and is assembled to thesegment plate and has an open structure to afiord space foraccommodating the escapement pinion and associated devices which aremounted on the movable carriage base plate. The platen is raised in anoblique direction for the case shift and the segment plate is disposedat the same inclination, thereby limiting the height of the machine andafiording space below the carriage for the ribbon shift mechanism, whichis preferably mounted on the carriage base plate and is actuated fromthe rear of the universal bar, the shift mechanism including a linkextending forward between the universal bar and the key leverstherebelow.

The type bar supporting bail on the segment plate is disposed with itscentral or v lowermost part substantially at the level of the upperedges of the bank of key levers, so

that the machine is correspondingly low,-

the connecting linkage from the bank of key levers to the type bar heelsoccupying little space otherwise useful, said linkage being disposedlargely in the spaces between the kpy levers and below the upper edgesthere- 0 'in original assembly and in repair of the machine.

In the preferred embodiment, each key lever actuates the correspondingprinting lever or type bar through linkage, including a sub-lever and apitman connecting the latter to the heel of the printing lever, a pin onthe key lever sliding in a'slot in the sublever curved in such manner asto bring about a rapid acceleration of the printing lever toward the endof its printing stroke. The hook on each type bar straddles the supportbail with substantially no clearance in the direction of the length ofthe bar, so that accurate alignment of the printed type is assured.

The type bar is remo ably anchored to the linkage by providing aprojection in the latter fitting into a corresponding groove in the heelof the former, the type bar heel having an integral pointed tongue tomaintain the projection against egress from the groove, said tongueaffording suflicient flexibility to the type ar.

Another object of myinvention isto provide simple, easily operating caseshifting means, easy to assemble and readily and delshift.

Tn the preferred embodiment the typewriter carriage has a pair of rodsat right angles to the length thereof, roller bearings being providedtherefor in the base frame, said roller bearings being automaticallyadjustable about appropriate axes for read adaptation to the travel oftherods.

In the preferred embodiment the roller bearing for one of the rods ismounted in a bracket ivoted about an axis such as to rmit applicationand removal of icately adjustable to properly regulate the permitisplacement of the roller bearing from the rod, whereby the carriage canbe easil assembled upon the frame and the bracket thereupon returned tobring the roller bearings into coaction with the rod, appropriate meansbeing provided to maintain it in set position.

In the referred embodiment, the rods are supporte upon pivoted leversraised by the depression of the case shift key and adjust able screwstop elements are provided to determine the lowermost and the uppermostposition of said lever and therefore of the platen. 4

Another object of the invention 1s-to pro.- vide a universal bar whichshall operate in an accurately determined path with a minimum offriction. In the preferred embodi-- ment, the universal bar is suspendedfrom a rocker mounted on the segment plate and an additional link ateach side parallel to the rocker arms, to effecta parallel link movementof the universal bar.

Another object is to provide a ribbon shift mechanism of simpleconstruction which is adapted to be readily set for bringing into thepath ofthe type, any portion of the width of the ribbon, one specialapplication being to. the selective, use of either color on a two-colorribbon, the construction having referably a third or inoperative settingfbr stencil writing or cuttingwherethe ribbon is maintained out of thepath of operation of the type bars. In the preferred embodiment, theribbon shift mechanism includes a pivoted lever, one of the arms ofwhich has fingers of different lengths, adjustment means being providedto bring any of said fingers into the path lock the star wheel oftheadvancing r" chanism against reverse rotation.

- Another object is to'provideatypewriting machine in which theoperation ofcertain keys, such as accent, umlaut o'r edilla keys iseffected by simple mechanism, so that any of these characters may beprinted in the same space with the associated letter, without need forperforming a back spacing operation.

In the preferred embodiment,- a member is interposed between theuniversal bar and the escapement pawls, through which the thrust fromthe former is transmitted to the latter, said interposed member beingconnected to the non-escapement keys so that upon actuating one of thelatter, the interposed member is moved out of the path to the universalbar, whereby the latter will move in the intervening space withoutoperating the escapement.-

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic ribbonreverse mechanism of simple, durable and compact construction not likelyto become out of order. In the preferred specific embodiment, theuniversal bar actuates a pair of pawls near the opposite ends of the rodfor cooperation with the ratchet wheels associated with the typewriterribbon spool, the position of a control bar determining which of thepawls is in operative connection and which in inoperative. Means isprovided actuated by the thickness -of ribbon on the spool forautomatically shifting the control bar to effect the ribbon reverse, andalternative means may be provided for efl'ecting ribbon reverse,Whenever desired by a manual operation. The automatic ribbon reverseagainst the outer convolution of the ribbon 'and operating through apivot lever to actuate a spring, controlled by a shifting member toshift the control bar, and a locking or positioning member to preventmovement of the control bar beyond either set position.

Another object of the invention is to provide a case shift lockmechanism of particularly simple and reliable construction. Thismechanism preferably comprises a lock key pivoted upon the shift key, afixed pin across the front of the machine coacting with a shoulder onsaid lock key when set to maintain the shift key depressed.

In the present application I claim the general arrangement of the partsof the machines The ribbon reverse mechanism is claimed in my copendingapplication,

Serial No. 607 ,766, filed December 19, 1922, the type action in mycopending application, Serial No. 647,776, filed June 26, 1923 and otherfeatures, including the universal bar. the case shift mechanism, theescapement, the back spacer, theribbon shift mechanism and the accentkey mechanism,

are-each claimed per se in my copending application, Serial 15, 1924. II

In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of variouspossibleembodiments of the several features of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a view in longitudinal cross-section through a preferred formof typewritin% machine,

ig. 2 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 1 showing some of the partsremoved to better reveal the construction of other No. 726,063 filedJuly parts,

ISO

till

anes Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 37-3 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a view in longitudinal crosssection showing only the detailsof the type bar and the operating linkage therefor,

Fig. 6 is a view in longitudinal cross-sec tion showing the details ofthe case shift structure and case shift lock mechanism at one side ofthe machine,

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary detail view, partly in section, showing thecaseshift mechanism at the other side of the machine,

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line 88 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9 9 of Fig. 7, I

Fig. 10 is a detail plan view showing the escapement and back spacemechanism. and the mounting means therefor,

Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line 12-12 of Fig. 11,

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the machine,

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line 1414 of Fig. 13, and;

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the ribbon shift and ribbon vibratingmechanism.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

General construction.

The general layout of the machine will now be set forth, the separateconstituent sub-combination elements making up the mechanism beingdescribed ingreater detail under rorresponding separate headings below.

Referring now to the drawings, 1 have shown a portable typewritercomprising a base frame 10 upon which are mounted in the manner usualwith desk typewriting machines, the typing key levers 11 of a standardkey board having four rows of keys. Each key levler is mounted in themanner usual with desk typewriting machines by pivoting at its rear endon an angle bar 12 resting upon across bar 13, the lever beingmaintained in; elevated position by coil spring 14 connecting the leverto a tongue on the end of the angle bar.

As shown in the drawings, the segment plate 42 is disposed relativelylow, the central or lowest point of the type bar supporting bail 57thereon being substantially at the level of the upper edges of the bankof key levers 10. The connecting linkage from the key levers to the typebar heels occupies little space otherwise useful, said linkage beingdisposed largely in the space between the key levers and below the upperedges tit thereof. The hei ht of the machine is preferably furtherreduced by'inclining the. segment plate rearward, in the embodimentshown in the drawings about 20 degrees, leaving ample space, back of thelower or forward part ofthe segment plate for the escapement and relatedmechanism, which latter is preferably mounted on the carriage base plateand extends within the boundaries of the universal bar, between thesegment plate and the rear of the machine.

The typewriter carriage includes the usual base plate 15 having ballbearings 16 on which is mounted the platen 17. The counterbalancesprings (see Figs. 6 and 7) are shown at 18 secured to the frame 10 eachby an eye bolt and nut 19 and at the opposite end each to a lever 20through which the carriageis elevated for case shift by mechanism to bedescribed below. By adjust 'ment of nuts 19, the tension of springs 18may be regulated to accurately set the counterbalance.

The case-shift mechanism.

The shift key mechanism comprises a pair of rods 21 and 22 rigid withthe typewriter carriage base and extending at right angles to the axisthereof and inclined from vertical, as shown, atan angle of about 20degrees to extend parallel to the segment plate. The rods are pivoted asat 23 to a pair of the levers 2O rigidly connected together and pivotedabout an axis 24 near the rear of the machine, one of saidlevers havinga depression 25 coacting with a tongue 26 at the rear end of the usualshift key lever 27 which is pivoted to the frame as at 28.

The rods 21 and 22'are preferably mounted in roller bearings to permitelevation of the carriage for shifting, with a minimum of friction. Inthe preferred embodiment, the bearings for one of the rods 21 comprise apair of rollers 29 pivoted on screws 30 in the arms of a ill-shapedbracket 31, the latter pivotally mounted on theside frame by a screw 32through its cross-piece 33. It

'will be seen, therefore, that in the application of the carriage inassembly and in the shiftin operation, the rollers will readily adapt temselves by rotation about the screw 32 for easy, relativelyfrictionless operation.

The roller bearings 29 for the other rod 22 are preferably identicalwith those described but instead of being mounted direct upon the sideframe, said bearings are similarly secured to a carrying bracket 33pivoted as at 34 about an axis parallel to that of the rollerhearings'29, the bracket in its entirety being shifted about pivot 34-to shift the corresponding roller bearings 29 away from the rollerbearings for. rod 21, so that the carriage can be readily mounted inposi tion on the base frame without danger of jamming or binding therods 21 and 22 between the the two sets of roller bearings. A stop screw35 extending through the main frame ooacts with bracket 33 to disposethe roller bearing into proper coaction with the rod 22, after thecarriage has been set into the base frame. If desired, two or more setsof roller bearings may be provided for each rod.

Pivoted upon the shift key lever 27 as at 36 is the shift key lock lever37 maintained in normal raised positionby a coil spring 38 connectingintegral tongue 39 of the lock member to the shift key lever. A fixedrod 40 extends across the frame of the machine and a notch 41 near theupper forward edge of tongue 39 is arranged to extend under rod 40 forlocking the shift key in depressed position. Thus, to lock for capitals,the lock lever 37 is depress'ed,.lowering the shift key lever 27 withit, the lock lever ,moving about its support pin 36 on the shift keylever, to dispose the notch 41 thereof below the rod 40, so that thevertical arm ofthe lock key lever serves as a strut, to maintain theshift key in depressed position.

To release the lock, the shift key is depressed, the resilience of thematerial permitting the slight depression, so as to release the gripof'the strut on the cross bar 40, allowing the spring 38 to retract thelock lever 37.

he universal bar.

The universal bar comprises an arcuate member 42 extending immediatelybelow and assembled to the segment plate 43 which is mounted at aninclination to the vertical, parallel to the case shift rods 21 and 22.In the present embodiment, as shown in the drawings, the segment plateis curved in the plane thereof and is inclined at an angle ofsubstantially 20 degrees from the vertical. The universal bar issupported in a special manner to reduce-the frictional losses to aminimum and to eliminate inaccuracies resulting from wear. For thispurpose, I provide a support bracket 44 upon the frame preferablysecured as by screws 44 to the segment plate 43and having a pair ofparallel arms 45 and 46 extending rearward and connected by a bar 47.Inthe preferred embodiment, the suspension comprises a rocker formed ofa palr of parallel links 48 and 49, depending respectively from bracketarms 45 and 46 and rigidly connected by a cross bar 50. A pair ofseparate and distinct links 51 and 52 are pivoted to the rearward orfree ends of bracket arms 45 and 46. The universal bar isformed withintegral lugs 53 and 54 extending rearward from the arcuate segment 42thereof, and supported respectively from bracket arms 45 and 46 byparallel links 48 and 51 and 49 and 52. The escapement and associatedmechanisms mounted on the carriage base plate extend into the free spacethus provided back of the segment plate and between the universal barsupporting links, as will be more fully described here- The type barmechanism.

The type bars or printing levers are provided with integral hooks 56 attheir heels straddling the arcuate support bail 57 which is carried inthe usual manner by the segment plate and extends below the universalbar segment 42, as shown. Each type bar is connected with thecorresponding key lever by a l nkage, which preferably comprises a bellcrank sub-lever 58 pivoted to the base of the frame as at 59 andconnected to the heel of the key lever by a pitman 60. The key lever hasapin or lug 61 to ride in an arcuate slot 62 in the adjoining arm of thesub-lever, the shape of the arcuate slot being such that as the keylever is depressed, the initial movement of the sub-lever will berelatively slow, but as the pin approaches the lower end of the arcuateslot, the latter will be more nearly at right angles to the path of thepin, so that the lost motion be. tween the pin and the slot will bereduced and the sub-lever will move about its pivot more rapidly than atthe outset, effecting an accelerated operation of the typebar', so thateffective impact printing results. As shown in the drawings, the angleof movement of the type bars is preferably about 95 degrees.

The type bars are preferably formed and arranged to be readily removableand r0- placeable from the machine. For this purpose, each type bar isprovided with a notch 64 at its heel, into which fits a lug 65 which maybe a rivet at the adjacent end of the pitman lever 60, the heel of thetype bar being also formed with an integral tongue 66 having a point 67extending toward the notch 64. The tongue 68 has a reduced root 68 torender the same slightly flexible thereabout, so that the rivet 65 canbe forced into the notch, the tongue yielding sufficiently to allow thediameter of the rivet to pass the same and then blocking egress of therivet 65 from notch 64. In the operation of the machine, it will be seenthat the rivet on the pitman tends to move towards the inner end of theslot 69 formed between atoaaee the tongue 66 and the main body of thetype bar heel. For removal of the type bar, it is -merely necessary to'force the yielding tongue 66 inward slightly about its reduced root 68to allow removal of the pitman lever rivet therefrom, whereupon thelever hook 56 may be lifted from the support bail 57 and the replacementof the type bar will proceed in a manner obvious from the foregoingdescription.

The slot 56 is preferably no wider than the diameter of the supportbail, and is straight for the major portion of its length, which extendsat right angles .to the length of the type bar. It follows that there isno likelihood of shifting of the type bar upward or downward withrespect to bail 57, and the typed characters will be accurately aligned.

The escapement and back space mechanism.

The pivot pins and 71 for the escapement and back space mechanism aremounted respectively in an angle bar 72 secured to the base plate of thecarriage, and a backing bar '73 bolted to said angle bar, and affordinga space 7 3' therebetween for accommodating said escapement and backspace mechanism. The tight and limber es- 7 capement pawls 74 and 7 5respectively, also are disposed between angle bar and backing bar,pivots 77 and 78 supporting the tight pawl 74 by cars 76 formedintegrally therewith; The limber pawl is pivoted as at 7 5 upon thefixed pawl 74, and a spring 82 connected to the tail of pawl 74 urgesthe limber pawl 75 into cooperation with .the wheel, while the tightpawl normally extends in front of the star wheel, out of mesh therewith.Spring 74 urges pawl 7 5 to an elevated position limited by tongue 83 onfixed pawl 74. The carriage spring drum (not shown) urges the limberpawl7 5 downward against the resistance of spring 74, tongue 83 on said pawllimiting said movement by its engagement with the edge of fined pawl 74.The angle and backing bar assembly is lo ated on the carriage base, to

the rear of the front end of bracket arms 45 and 46 and of universal barlugs 53 and 54, and projects downward therefrom below the upper end ofthe universal bar and to the rear of the segment 42 thereof. Theescapement and back space mechanism together with the actuating pawls 74and 7 5 are thus disposed within the space determined .by

' bracket arms 45 and 46 and lugs 53 and 54,

as will appear clearly from Figs. 3, 4 and 10 of the drawings. Theescapement mechanism' includes the usual escapement pinion 7 9 enmeshedwith rack on the carriage. The tight and limber pawls 74 and 75 coactwith the teeth of the star wheel 81, which is rotated for the step bystep advance of the carriage, by energy from the spring drum (notshown). In the usual manner, the limber pawl 7 5 is normally in coactionwiththe teeth of the star'wheel 81 and the tight pawl 74 is to the frontthereof, out of mesh there with. Upon shift of said pawls as a unitabout pivot pins 77 and 78 as an axis, the limber pawl will be releasedfrom engagement with the star wheel, the expansion of its spring 74moving it upward about its pivot through the width of one star wheeltooth, and the tight pawl enters into engagement with the star wheel.When the universal bar returns to normal position, sprin 82 returns thelimber pawl into mesh and the fixed pawl out of mesh with the starwheel, and the carriage spring drum overcomes the resistance of spring74, advancing the star wheel through the width of one tooth limited bycontact of tongue 83 on the pawl 75 with the upper edge of the fixedpawl 74. i

The star wheel 81 is freely mounted upon the support shaft 84, but isconnected through spring pawl to the ratchet wheel 86, rotatable as arigid unit with the pinion 79 upon the common axis of said elements.Advance this takes place by the rotation of pinion 79 through rack 80and with it of ratchet wheel 86, the latter effecting rotation of thestar wheel 81 through the pawl 85, as above described.

For the back spacing operation, I rovide a back space key 87 operatingthrong a bell crank lever 88 and a pitman 89 upon a link 90 pivoted asat 91 adjacent the pinion 79 and having pivoted thereon as at 92, adouble ended escapement pawl 93, having two arms 94 and .95. The spring96 which maintains the back space key mechanism in normal position actsto normally maintain link 90 against its stop 97. The link also has theroller 98 at its free end to coact with the notched end 99 of a lockinglever 100 pivand bring its hook 102 into locking coaction with the starwheel 81 to prevent reverse movement. In this operation, the escapementpawl 93 is brought toward and into mesh with the inion 79 and rotatesthe latter in clockwlse direction to back space the carriage, arm 95preventing overthrow or backlash. The ratchet wheel 86 rotates as a unitwith pinion 79 to which it is rigidly connected and, accordingly,readily ratchets over pawl 85. The loc ing lever restrains the starwheel 81 throughout this operation against clockwise rotation with theratchet wheel, so that the pawls 74 and 7 5 and the universal bar arenot affected by the back spacing operation.

The ribbon shift mechanism.

' This mechanism is preferably mounted on the carriage base plate ratherthan on the frame. The ribbon 104 is held in the usual bracket holder103 and adjacent the platen and below the path of the type on the typebarsw The shift of the ribbon for raising it to printing position iseifected through linkage attached to the carriage base plate' carriagebase plate as heretofore described. Integral with plate 105 is an arm109 eX- tending forward therefromand terminating adjacent the segmentplate 43. A rod 110 is pivotally connected to the forward end of arm 109and supports the ribbon bracket frame 103 at its upper end. The pivotedlink 105 is in the character of a bell crank lever havingan armextending upward from the pivot 107 and into the path of the nose 111formed integrally at the rear of the universal bar plate 134 which isriveted as at 135 to the arcuate element 42 of said bar. Although thislever arm may be formed with a fixed point to be engaged by the nose 111in order to raise the ribbon through a fixed range at each operation, Ihave shown an arrangement providing for two alternative degrees ofelevation of the ribbon and 'particularly useful for a two-color ribbonshift mechanism, and affording a third setting out of the path ofoperation of the universal bar, for stencil writing. In the preferredembodiment shown, the pivot plate 105l1as mounted thereon an adjustmentplate 112 provided with an elongated slot 113 secured to the pivot plate105 by screws 114 extending through the slot 113 into plate 105. Theauxiliary plate 112 carries a pair of integral upstanding tongues 115and 116 of different lengths, having forwardly projecting ends 117,either of which ton ue ends may be brought into the path of t 1e nose111 of the universal bar by corresponding shift of the auxiliary plate112 along pins 114.

A coil spring 119 carried on the plate 105 has an end hook 120 to snapinto any one of three notches 121', 121 and 121 in the auxiliary plate112, for accurately positioning the same in any setting,'the central ofneoaiee said notches corresponding to stencil setting in which bothfingers 115 and 116 are maintained out of the path of operation of theuniversal bar and the ribbon is not vibrated.

Notches 121' and 121 correspond to the two and 116 respectively, andthese stops may be adjustable screws, as shown.

In the preferred embodiment, the usual shift lever (not shown) isemployed to set the ribbon vibrator in any of its alternative positions,said member serving to shift the auxiliary plate 112 through atransmission including link 118, bell crank lever and link 166 (Fig.15).

It will be seen that the ribbon vibrating linkage affords substantialmultiplication of displacement, by reason of the long lever arm of link109 compared to that of the tongues 115 or 116 actuated by the universalbar. Therefore, the elevation of the ribbon will be substantiallygreater than the shift of the universal bar. The ribbon vibratingmechanism, however, does not add substantially to the bulk of themachine, since the linkage is fitted into spaces otherwise unoccupiedbelow the platen to the rear of the universal bar and between the latterand above the key levers.

It, will readily be understood that when the longer arm 115 is arrangedto be in the path of the universal bar, the link will be shifted by theoperation of the universal bar through a lesser range about its pivot107 than when the shorter tongue 116 is thus arranged.

It will be understood that by adjustment of screw stops 123 and 124, theshift of the ribbon may be readily and accurately adjusted, therebyobviating the likelihood of typing the upper half of a letter in onecolor and the lower in another, which may otherwise occur in the use oftwo-color ribbons.

If desired, more than two stops 115 and 116 of graduated lengths may beprovided to afford a plurality of changes of printing zone on a ribbon,so that any selected portion of the width of a ribbon of any width maybe placed in the path of the printing type. By such construction, theentire Width of a single color ribbon may be used Without need forremoving the ribbon from the machine for adjustment.

Assembly.

The ribbon vibrating mechanism is first positioned in approximatelycorrect position on the previously assembled base structure. Thecarriage base frame 15 with the combined escapcment and back-spacemechanism previously assembled thereon is now lll) . posed in the spaceafforded between the universal bar supporting rocker and the. rearsupport links 51 and 52, and plate 105 on the ribbon shift mechanismextends between the sides of yoke bracket 108. Pivot screws 107 are nowtightened to pivotally support the ribbon shift linkage from the yokebracket in the manner previously described. The assembly is completed byestablishing the pivot connections between the lower ends of rods 21 and22 and levers 20, and by tightening screw 35 to move bracket 33 and withit the corresponding roller bearing into coaction with the associated"rod 22. v

The accent key mechanism.

More particularly in foreign languages, there is occasion to typecertain auxiliary marks, such as accents, umlauts and cedillas, in thesame space with the usual letters. With the ordinary typewriter, it isnecessary after printing a letter to operate the back space key in orderto reali for then printing the auxiliary character 1n the same space.vAccording to my invention, if arrange those keys that correspond to theauxiliary marks to effect the regular universal bar operation, but toomit the operation of the escapenhent.

For this purpose, the thrust from the universal bar to the escapementpawls 74 and is transmitted through an interposed piece 125 normallymaintained in place but automatically removed while one of the saidnon-escapement keys is depressed, so that the universal bar will operateall of the control mechanism in the normal fashion with the exceptiononly of the escapement mechanism. I I

1n the preferred specific embodiment, the universal bar plate 134 isprovided with an cscapement operating tongue 126 and a long lever 127pivoted as at 128 near one end of the machine has a. tongue 129, the endof which constitutes the piece 125, normally maintained interposedbetween the tongue 126 on the universal bar and the escapement pawl 7 sothat in normal operation, the

thrust is transmitted therethrough .to the.

escapement pawls from the tongue 126 on the universal bar. The saidnon-escapement keys are preferably connected to lever 127 by links suchas 130 and 131 fitting in corresponding notches 132 in the lever, sothat upon depression of any of said keys, the lever 127 will bedepressedabout its pivot against the resistance of spring 133 to remove piece 125from between the universal bar tongue 126 and the pawl 74, so that inthe continued movement of the key as the printing occurs and theuniversal bar is shifted, the shift of tongue 126 on the latter willtake place in the gap left in advance thereof by the removal of theinterposed element 125, wherefore the escapement pawl will not bereleased and the carriage will not be advanced.

It will be understood that in operation of the typewriter, the auxiliaryaccent, umlaut, cedilla or other character would be printed first, sothat after printing, the typewriter carriage would remain in the sameposition, whereupon the associated regular character would be printed inthe same space and the usual escapement advance would be eflectedautomatically immediate ly thereafter.

The automatic ribbon reverse mechanism.

The usual spools 136 and 137 are provided between which the ribbon isfed through the holding bracket 123 therefor immediately in advance ofthe platen.

Having reference to the right-hand spool, the construction of which isidentical with that of the left, corresponding parts hearing likereference characters, those at the left being primed, the universal barplate 134 has pivoted to the one end thereof, a link 138 extendingthrough a corresponding notch 139 in a transverse control bar 140, saidlink carrying at its forward end a pawl 141. A coil spring 1 13encircles'guide pin 144 and presses link 138' toward the left, so thatpawl 141 is urged and maintained in operative coaction with ratchet 142coaxial of spool 136. A detent pawl 1 15 is maintained in coactio-n withthe ratchet wheel 14% by acoil spring 146 encircling its pivot 14 Thusit will be seen that as the universal bar oscillates in the normaloperation of the typewriter, the pawl 138 thereon in the return strokethereof, after the type bar has printed, effects rotation of the ratchetwheel 142 to feed the ribbon 104 thereto from the spool 136, which ismaintained in idle condition, the control bar 140 when in the positionshown, maintaining the corresponding link 138 at the left deflectedtoward the left and the corresponding pawl tooth 14:1"and detent pawl 115 out of engagement with the left ratchet wheel 142. v

For eflecting a shift of the control bar 140 to disengage the pawl andratchet connection at the right hand spool 137 and toconcurrentlyengage'the pawl and ratchet at the left-hand spool 136 inorder to efi'ect reverse feed of the ribbon from the full ri ht handspool to the empty left hand spooT, I provide mechanism now to bedescribed.

In the preferred specific embodiment, this mechanism comprises a feelerroller 148 mounted at the end of an arm 149 and con- 164 on arm 152.

tacting the outer convolution of the ribbon wound upon the spool, saidarm being firmly anchored by fitting into a slot in a rotary pivot post150, the latter having an encircling spring 151 to'urge thefeeler roller148 firmly against the ribbon roll. Rigid with the pivot post 150 is anarm 152,-which is rotated thereabout by the outward movement of thefeeler roller 148 and the associated arm 149 as the thickness of theribbon on the spool 13? increases. The operating arm 152 isfree to coactwith an arm 153 mounted adjacent thereto about a pivot 154 and havingcoiled thereabout a spring 155, the free end of which projects toward ashoulder or lug 156 formed integrally with the control bar 140., a Inaddition to arm 153, there is' a locking lever 15,7 pivoted as at 158and encircled by coil spring 159 to urge its locking tongue 160 againstthe edge 161 of the control bar 146 and into notch 162 there- .in whenthe latter is aligned therewith, a

tongue 163 at the free end of the locking lever being in the In theoperation of the device, as the thickness of ribbon wound upon the spool137 increases, the feeler arm 148 moves outward therewith, rotating arm152 in counter clockwise direction, and finally contacting and. shiftingarm 153. After a predetermined thickness of ribbon has been wound on thespool, arm 153 will be shifted to such extent as to exert a considerablepressure through spring 155 against lug 156 on the control bar 140, toshift the entire control bar toward the right. This shift will not beimpeded, for lock lever 157 is not aligned with notch 162, and theribbon on the, spool at the left being ofsmall diameter, arm 152' isurged by its spring 151 in counterclockwise direction from the positionshown, finger 164 contacting locking lever 157 and" urging its lockingtongue 160 out of notch 162', The control bar,therefore, shifts to theright until the tongue 160 on the lock lever 157 comes into al gnmentwith notch 162 on control bar 140, whereupon -the spring 158 will snaplug 160 into engage-v ment within the notch 162 to arrest the controlbar against further advance;

lBy shift of the control bar toward the right, as set forth, the edge ofnotch 139 is brought into contact wtih lini: 138 and the latter isshifted thereby toward the right against the" resistance of spring 143and spring 146, displacing the pawl tooth M1 and the detent pawl 145toward the right out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 142,

into substantially the position shown at the left. Concurrently withthis operation, the left end of the control bar 140 which has movedtoward the right will no longer retain the link 138 pressed toward theleft, so that the expansion of coil spring 143 will pathfof operation ofa lug incense surge link 138 toward the right and pawl 141' intocoaction with the ratchet wheel 142, the detent pawl 145 beingconcurrently released to allow its spring 1 16" to effect correspondingcoaction thereof with .the ratchet wheel;

110, the latter is depressed to disengage lockin lever 157 fromlockingnotch 162 in contro bar 140, and the latter is shifted to effectreverse manually, at any stage of the left to rig t ribbon feed, so asto feed from right to eft. .A similar releasing lever 1.70 is alsoprovided for operating the lefthand locking lever 15?, when it isdesired to manuall disconnect the operating pawl for the left-fiendspool and to connect the righthand spool for receiving the ribbon.

It will thus be seen that'there is herein described apparatus in whichthe several features of this invention are embodied, and which apparatusin its action attains the various objects of the invention and is wellsuited to meet the requirements of practical use.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What I claim as new 'and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a frame including a segmentplate, a universal bar assembled to said frame adjacent said segmentplate and extending to the rear thereof, escapement mechanism and ribbonshift mechanism to the rear of said segment plate, both actuated fromsaid universal barg part of said universal bar actuated mechanismextending between the front and rear of said universal bar.-

2. In a typewriting machine, in combination, an inclined plane segmentplate, a universal bar curved about said segment plate and extending tothe rear thereof, and movable in a path substantially at right angles'to said segment plate, a shift frame and carriage base mounted aboveand to rename the rear of the segment plate, and escapement and ribbonshift mechanism fitting in the space under the carriage base and to therear of the lower or forward end of the inclined segment plate.

3. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a segment plate, auniversal bar ex-. tending to the rear thereof, escapement mechanism tothe rear of said segment plate and between the front and the rear ofsaid universal bar, and ribbon shiftmechanism having a portion to therear of said universal bar and actuated thereby, said shift mechanismincluding linkage extending forward toward said segment plate.

4. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a casing, an inclinedsegment plate therein, a universalbar to the rear of saidsegment plate,escapement mechanism belowthe upper end of said universal bar andbetween the forward and rear portions thereof, andribbon shift mechanismactuated by the rear, end of said universal bar, said ribbon shiftmechanism including a link extending forward towards said segment plateand a second link connected thereto and coacting with the ribbon.

5. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a casing, an inclined sement plate therein, a universal bar curve; about said segment plate andextending to the rear thereof, escapement mechanism below the upper endof said universal bar and between the forwaud and rear portionsthereof,-

ribbon'shift mechanism actuated by the rear end of said universal bar,said ribbon shift mechanism including a link extending forward towardsaid segment plate and a second link connected thereto and coacting withthe ribbon, a shift carriage mounted on said casing and extending abovethe segment plate and in front of the rear of the machine, saidescapement mechanism and ribbon shift mechanism being disposed entirelyin front of the rear of the shift, carriage, behind the lower or forwardportion of the inclined segment plate.

6. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a casing, a plurality ofkey levers extending from the forward to the rear end thereof, ailinclined segment plate, type bars actuated from said key levers, auniversal bar extending below said segment plate to be actuated by saidtype bars, a ribbon shift mechanism to the rear of the rear point ofsaid universal bar to be actuated thereby, said shift mechanismincluding a link extendingforward below said universal bar and abovesaid key levers, means connectin' said link to the ribbon and escapementmechanism fitted within the space between the upper and lower end andthe forward and rear end of said universal bar. I

7. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a casing, a segment plate,a univeraalbar, curved about said segment plate and extending to therear thereof, a frame structure, rotary escapement means pivotallymounted in said frame structure, a yoke bracket secured to said framestructure, and ribbon vibrating mechanism pivotally mounted in said yokeframe, both said escapement mechanism and 'said'ribbon vibratingmechanism mounted in the path of movement-of said universal bar.

8. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, a segmentplatethereon, a universal bar curve-d a out said segment plate andextending to the rear thereof, a frame structure, rotary escapementmechanism mounted in said structure, said universal bar having an openstructure to adord space for said escapement mechanism, a yoke framemounted on said frame structure, a ribbon vibrating mechanism pivoted insaid yoke frame and actuated by the rear part of the universal bar, saidribbon vibrating mechanism including a link element extending forwardfrom said frame below said universal bar.

9. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a frame including a segmentplate, a bracket mounted upon said plate, a universal bar mounted uponsaid bracket and curved about said segment plate to be" operated by thetype bars, and ribbon shift mechanism to the rear of the universal barand including a link extending forward toward the segment plate forconnection to the ribbon.

10. In a typewr-itin machine, in combination, a frame inclu ing asegment plate, a bracket mounted upon said plate, said bracket havingarms extending to the rear of the segment plate, a universal barpivotedto said arms, curved about said segment plate, to be operated bythe type bars, and having an open structure between said arms, acarriage, and an escapement therefor extending into the open structureof said universal bar.

11. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a segment plate, a bracketmember to the rear of said segment plate, said bracket member includinga pair of parallel arms extending toward the rear of the machine, auniversal bar suspended from said bracket arms, said universal barincluding a segment element adjacent said segment plate, and a pair ofarms extending rearward therefrom and adjacent said bracket arms, twopairs of parallel links, one pair pivoted to each of said bracket arms,and pivotally ltd ment of the various elements actuated by the universalbar is substantially at right anglesto the segment plate, and in whichthe ribbon vibrating mechanism and escape ment means extend in the spacebetween the lower or forward end of the inclined segment plate and therear of the machine.

13. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, a segmentplate thereon, a universal bar, a carriage base plate, a frame securedto said carriage base plate,'an esoapement mechanism mounted in saidframe, said universal bar havingan open structure to afford space forsaid escapement mechanism when the carriage is applied to thebase'frame.

14. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, having asegment plate, a universal bar and key levers therebelow, a carriagehaving a base plate, ribbon shifting linkage mounted on said base plate,said linkage extending in the path of operation of said universal barwhen the carriage base plate is assembled in position,

' said linkage including an element extending forward between saiduniversal bar and said key levers toward said segment plate foractuating the ribbon. I

15. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame having asegment plate, a universal bar, key levers, a carriage base plate, aframe element supported thereon near the rear end thereof, ribbon shiftlinkage pivoted to said frame including a link extending forward betweensaid universal bar and said key levers toward said segment plate andincluding a second link rigid therewith in the path of operation of theuniversal bar.

16. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base structure having asegment plate, a universal bar, mounting means therefor, a plurality ofkey levers extending therebelow, a carriage base plate,-frame elementssecured thereto, escapement mechanism mounted on said frame means, saiduniversal bar and the mounting means therefor having an open structureto adord space for said frame and said esoapement,, a ribbon shiftlinkage pivoted to said frame to the rear of said universal bar andhaving operating link means in the path of operation of the rear of saiduniversal bar, and including alink extending forward therefrom betweensaid universal bar and said key levers, toward said segment plate, and asecond link connected I to the forward end thereof through which theribbon is shifted.

17. The combination set forth in claim 16 in which the segment plate isinclined and in which the ribbon shift is pivotally assembled near therear of the machine for operation by the rear of the universal bar, andincludesa link extending forward to the vicinity of the segment plate.

18. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a frame including asegment plate, bracket means mounted thereon on said frame and having a'pair of rearwardly extending arms and across-bar connecting the same, auniversal bar pivotally mounted upon said arms, and including aconnecting cross bar. one of said crossfliars extending close to thesegment plate aiidthe other of said cross-bars extending relatively low,and universal bar actuated mechanism extending into the space above andbehind said crossbars and between said bracket arms.

19. In a typewriting machine, in com-- bination, a frame including asegment plate, a universal bar carried by said segment plate foractuation by the type bars, a carriage base mounted in the frame,escapement mechanism carried by said carriage base, said universal barhaving an open structure to accommodate the escapement mechanism.

20. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, including asegment plate, bracket means mounted on said frame and having armsextending rearward therefrom, a universal bar pivotally mounted withrespect to said bracket arms and curved about said segment. plate foractuation by the type bars, said universal bar and bracket having anopen structure between the bracket arms, a carriage base, a framestructure mounted thereon, escapement mechanism carried by said framestructure, said structure and escapcmcnt mechanism extending into theopen structure of said universal bar.

21. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a frame including aninclined segment plate, a bracket secured to said segmentplate andhaving arms extending rearward therefrom, a universal bar pivotally sus'pended from said bracket arms and having an open structure between saidbracket arms, a carriage base mounted on said frame, escapementmechanism mounted on said carriage base and extending into the openstructure of said universal bar, and ribbon shift: mechanism pivotallymounted upon the carriage base and having a part inthe path of operationof the rear portion of the universal bar, said ribbon shift mechanismincluding a link extending forward under the univel sal bar toward thesegment plate and including connection means with the ribbon, saidescapcment mechanism and said ribbon shift extending entirely in thespace between the rear of the carriage and the lower portion of theinclined segment plate.

'22. A carriage structure for a typewriter including a carriage baseplate, frame means tlb name

rigidly secured'thereto, rotary escapement members mounted in saidframe, and ribbon shifting transmission means supported by said framemeans. v i

23. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base'frame, a system ofparallel key levers terminating in a keyboard, a segment plate, a bailcurved thereabout having the owermost portion of the arc thereof atsubstantially the level of said key levers, type bars pivotally mounteduponsaid bail, connecting linkage from the key levers to the type barheels, disposed in the spacebetween levers terminating in a keyboard, aninclined plane segment plate, a. universal'bar curved about said segmentplate and extending to the rear thereof and movable in a pathsubstantially-at right angles to said segment plate, a bail mounted onsaid segment plate and curved about said universal bar, said segmentplate having an elevation such that the lowermost portion of the arc ofthe bail extends atsubstantially the level of said key levers, type barspivotally mounted upon the bail, connecting linkage from the key leversto the type bar heels, disposed in the space between the key levers andbelow the type bar heels, a shift frame and carriage base mounted aboveand to the rear of the segment plate, and escapement and ribbon shiftmechanism fitting in the space under the carriage base and to the rearof the lower oilforward end of. the inclined segment p ate.

25. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, a system ofarallel key levers terminating in a keyboari a segment plate thereon, a]universal bar mounted on said se ent plate and extending to the rearthereof a bail curved about said universal bar an scent plate and havingthe lowermost porton of the arc thereof at substan tially the level ofsaid key levers, type bars ivotally mounted upon said bail, a carriagease plate, a frame secured to said carriage base plate, an escapementmechanism mounted in said frame, said universal bar having an openstructure to adord space for said escapement mechanism when the carriageis applied to the base h'ame.

26. In a ty ewriting machine, in combination, a base li 'ame, a systemof arallel key levers terminating in a keyboar a segment plate, auniversal bar mounted thereon, a

bail curved thereabout and having the lowermost portion of the arcthereof at substantially the level of said key levers, type barspivotally mounted upon said bail, connecting linkage from the key leversto the type bar heels, disposed in the space between the key levers andbelow the type bar heels,

a carriage having a base plate, ribbon shift linkage mounted on saidbase plate, said linkage extending in the path of operation of saiduniversal bar when the carriage base plate is assembled in position,said linkage including an element extending forward between saiduniversal bar and said key levers toward said segment plate foractuating the ribbon. a

27. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, asystem ofparallel key levers terminating in a keyboard, said base frame includingan inclined segment plate, a universal bar' pivotally mounted. withrespect thereto and curved thereabout for actuation by thetype bars, atype bar supporting bail curved about said segment plate and having thelowermost portion of the arc thereof at substantially the level of'saidkey levers, connecting linkage from the key levers ,to the type barheels, disposed in the space between the key levers and below the typebar heels, said universal bar having an open structure, a carriage basemounts -on said frame, escapement mechanism mounted on said carriagebase, ribbon shift mechanism pivotally mounted upon the carriage base,said ribbon shift mechanism including a link extending forward under theuniversal bar toward the segment plate, said escapement mechanism andribbon shift extendin entirely in the space between. the rear of thecarriage and the lower portion of the inclined segment plate, and intothe open structure of said universal bar.

28. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a base frame, a system ofkey levers terminating in a ke oard, an inn clined segment plate, a baicurved thereabout having the lowermost portion of the arc thereof atsubstantially the level of said key levers, type bars pivotally mountedupon said bail, connecting linkage from the key levers to the type barheels, a universal bar associated with said se ent plate, extending tothe rear thereof and actuated from the type bars for oblique movementsubstantially at right angles to said segment plate, and mechanism tothe rear of said segment plate actuated from said universal bar.

29. In a typewriting machine, in com: bination, a frame including asegment plate, a universal bar assembled to said frame adjacent saidsegment plate, and extending to the rear thereof, escapement and backspace llti bination, an inclined plane segment plate,

a universal bar curved about said segment plate and extendin to the rearthereof and movable in a pat carriage base mounted above and to the rearof the segment plate and escapement and backspace mechanism extendinginto the'space under the carriagebase and to the rear of the lowerorforward end of the inclined segment plate.

'31. A carriage structure for a typewriter including a carriage baseplate, frame means rigidly secured thereto, escapement and back spacemechanism mounted in said frame, and ribbon shift transmission meanssupportedby said frame means.

32.111 a typewriting-machine, in combination, a frame including asegment plate, bracket means mounted upon said frame, said braeket meansincluding arms extending to the rear of the segment plate; a universalbar pivoted Ito said arms, curved about said segment plate, to beoperated by the-type bars and having an open structure substantially atright. angles to said segment plate, a shift frame an between said arms,a carriage, an esca ement andback space mechanism there or, both saidlatter elements extending into the open structure of said universal bar.

33. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a segment late, bracketmeans mounted to the rear t ereof andincluding arms determining an openstructuretherebetween, a universal bar including an armate elementadjacent said segment plate, said bar having a pair of generallyparallel arms and two pairs of links arranged in parallelism, each ofsaid links pivoted at one end to the bracket means and at the other endthereof to the arms of the universal bar, to sustain the latter forparallel motion thereof, and mechanism actuated from said universal barand extending into the open space determined by the arms and the pairsof links.

34:. The combination set. forth in claim 18 in which the universal baris supported from the bracket means by. two pairs of pivoted parallellinks. Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of NewYork this 19th day of September 1922.

LOUIS A. NEMCOVSKY.

